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a Chair, Committee on
Functional Bowel Disorders and Functional Abdominal Pain, Multinational
Working Teams to Develop Diagnostic Criteria for Functional
Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome II), Emeritus
Professor of Medicine, University of Ottawa,
Canada, b Co-Chair,
Committee on Functional Bowel Disorders and Functional Abdominal Pain,
Multinational Working Teams to Develop Diagnostic Criteria for
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome II),
Kaiser Permanente, San
Diego, CA, USA, c Division
of Digestive Diseases, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, d Department of Medicine, University
of Bristol, Bristol, UK, e Department of Medicine,
McMaster University, Ontario, Canada, f Department of Medicine,
Park-Klinik, Weissensee, Berlin, Germany
Correspondence to: W Grant Thompson, MD, 7 Nesbitt Street, Nepean, Ontario K2H 8C4, Canada.
The Rome diagnostic criteria for the functional bowel disorders
and functional abdominal pain are used widely in research and practice.
A committee consensus approach, including criticism from multinational
expert reviewers, was used to revise the diagnostic criteria and update
diagnosis and treatment recommendations, based on research results. The
terminology was clarified and the diagnostic criteria and management
recommendations were revised. A functional bowel disorder (FBD) is
diagnosed by characteristic symptoms for at least 12 weeks during the
preceding 12 months in the absence of a structural or biochemical
explanation. The irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal
bloating, functional constipation, and functional diarrhea are
distinguished by symptom-based diagnostic criteria. Unspecified FBD
lacks criteria for the other FBDs. Diagnostic testing is
individualized, depending on patient age, primary symptom characteristics, and other clinical and laboratory features. Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is defined as either the FAP syndrome, which requires at least six months of pain with poor relation to gut function
and loss of daily activities, or unspecified FAP, which lacks criteria
for the FAP syndrome. An organic cause for the pain must be excluded,
but aspects of the patient's pain behavior are of primary importance.
Treatment of the FBDs relies upon confident diagnosis, explanation, and
reassurance. Diet alteration, drug treatment, and psychotherapy may be
beneficial, depending on the symptoms and psychological features.
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