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a Department of
Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol,
Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain, b Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari
Germans Trias i Pujol, c Department of Biochemistry, Hospital
Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol
Correspondence to: Dr M A Gassull.
Accepted for publication 3 August 1999
BACKGROUND
Animal
model studies have shown that the colon tumour promoting effect of
dietary fat depends not only on the amount but on its fatty acid
composition. With respect to this, the effect of n9 fatty acids,
present in olive oil, on colon carcinogenesis has been scarcely investigated.
AIMSTo assess the
effect of an n9 fat diet on precancer events, carcinoma development,
and changes in mucosal fatty acid composition and prostaglandin
(PG)E2 formation in male Sprague-Dawley rats with
azoxymethane induced colon cancer.
METHODSRats were
divided into three groups to receive isocaloric diets (5% of the
energy as fat) rich in n9, n3, or n6 fat, and were administered
azoxymethane subcutaneously once a week for 11 weeks at a dose rate of
7.4 mg/kg body weight. Vehicle treated groups received an equal volume
of normal saline. Groups of animals were colectomised at weeks 12 and
19 after the first dose of azoxymethane or saline. Mucosal fatty acids
were assessed at 12 and 19 weeks. Aberrant crypt foci and the in vivo
intracolonic release of PGE2 were assessed at week 12, and
tumour formation at week 19.
RESULTSRats on the n6
diet were found to have colonic aberrant crypt foci and adenocarcinomas
more often than those consuming either the n9 or n3 diet. There were no
differences between the rats on the n9 and n3 diets. On the other hand,
administration of both n9 and n3 diets was associated with a decrease
in mucosal arachidonate concentrations as compared with the n6 diet.
Carcinogen treatment induced an appreciable increase in
PGE2 formation in rats fed the n6 diet, but not in those
fed the n3 and n9 diets.
CONCLUSIONSDietary
olive oil prevented the development of aberrant crypt foci and colon
carcinomas in rats, suggesting that olive oil may have chemopreventive
activity against colon carcinogenesis. These effects may be partly due
to modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and local PGE2 synthesis.
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