OESOPHAGUS

5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy versus argon plasma coagulation for ablation of Barrett’s oesophagus: a randomised trial

M Hage¹, P D Siersema², H van Dekken³, E W Steyerberg⁴, J Haringsma², W van de Vrie², T E Grool², R L P van Veen⁵, H J C M Sterenborg⁵, E J Kuipers²

¹ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands
² Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands
³ Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands
⁴ Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands
⁵ Department of Radiation Oncology (Photodynamic Therapy and Optical Spectroscopy Research Program), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr P D Siersema
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; p.siersema{at}erasmusmc.nl

Background: Photochemical and thermal methods are used for ablating Barrett’s oesophagus (BO). The aim of this study was to compare 5-aminolevulinic acid induced photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) with argon plasma coagulation (APC) with respect to complete reversal of BO.

Methods: Patients with BO (32 no dysplasia and eight low grade dysplasia) were randomised to one of three treatments: (a) ALA-PDT as a single dose of 100 J/cm² at four hours (PDT100; n = 13); (b) ALA-PDT as a fractionated dose of 20 and 100 J/cm² at one and four hours, respectively (PDT20+100; n = 13); or (c) APC at a power setting of 65 W in two sessions (APC; n = 14). If complete elimination of BO was not achieved by the designated treatment, the remaining BO was treated by a maximum of two sessions of APC.

Results: Mean endoscopic reduction of BO at six weeks was 51% (range 20–100%) in the PDT100 group, 86% (range 0–100%) in the PDT20+100 group, and 93% (range 40–100%) in the APC group (PDT100 v PDT20+100, p<0.005; PDT100 v APC, p<0.005; and PDT20+100 v APC, NS) with histologically complete ablation in 1/13 (8%) patients in the PDT100 group, 4/12 (33%) in the PDT20+100 group, and 5/14 (36%) in the APC group (NS). Remaining BO was additionally treated with APC in 23/40 (58%) patients. Histological examination at 12 months revealed complete ablation in 9/11 (82%) patients in the PDT100 group, in 9/10 (90%) patients in the PDT20+100 group, and in 8/12 (67%) patients in the APC group (NS). At 12 months, no dysplasia was detected. Side effects (that is, pain (p<0.01), and nausea and vomiting (p<0.05)) and elevated liver transaminases (p<0.01) were more common after PDT than APC therapy. One patient died three days after treatment with PDT, presumably from cardiac arrhythmia.

Conclusion: APC alone or ALA-PDT in combination with APC can lead to complete reversal of Barrett’s epithelium in at least two thirds of patients when administered in multiple treatment sessions. As the goal of treatment should be complete reversal of Barrett’s epithelium, we do not recommend these techniques for the prophylactic ablation of BO.

Keywords: Barrett’s oesophagus; dysplasia; 5-aminolevulinic acid; photodynamic therapy; argon plasma coagulation; oesophageal cancer

Abbreviations: ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid; APC, argon plasma coagulation; BO, Barrett’s oesophagus; HGD, high grade dysplasia; LGD, low grade dysplasia; PDT, photodynamic therapy; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors

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