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Abnormal oral mucosal light reflectance: a new clinical marker of high risk for colorectal cancer

¹ Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico "Le Scotte" viale Bracci, Siena, Italy
² Medical Genetic Unit, Hospital Di Venere, Bari, Italy
³ Department of Information Engineering, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, and Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy
⁴ Orintex srl, Prato, Italy
⁵ Department of Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
⁶ Euro Mediterranean Scientific Biomedical Institute (ISBEM), Brindisi, Italy, and Cardio Thoracic Department, University of Pisa, Italy
⁷ Division of Neonatology, Perrino Hospital, Brindisi, Italy, and Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Lecce Section, Italy

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr C De Felice
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale M. Bracci, 16-I-53100 Siena, Italy; defelice.claudio{at}libero.it

ABSTRACT
Background: A familial predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC) has been clearly established, consisting of familial clustering in 15–20% and clear hereditary aetiology in 5–10% of overall CRC cases. Early identification of families and individuals at high risk is essential as intensive surveillance has been demonstrated to reduce cancer incidence and overall mortality. In the present study, the value of oral mucosal light reflectance in identifying hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) carriers was investigated.

Methods: Twenty members of six different genetically unrelated HNPCC kindred and 30 genetically unrelated age and sex matched healthy controls were examined. Lower gingival and vestibular oral mucosal reflectance was measured using an imaging spectrophotometer.

Results: HNPCC carriers showed significantly lower values in the 590–700 nm wavelength range (p0.0004). A reflectance cut off value 47.9% at the 700 nm wavelength discriminated between HNPCC carriers and controls, with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.

Conclusions: These findings may provide an additional phenotypic sign in HNPCC carriers, which could be used in first level CRC population screening programmes.

Abbreviations: CRC, colorectal cancer; HNPCC, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer; ECM, extracellular matrix; MSI, microsatellite instability; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; FAP, familial adenomatosis polyposis

Keywords: colorectal cancer; hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer; Lynch syndrome; surveillance; spectrophotometry

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