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Dendritic cell subsets: the ultimate T cell differentiation decision makers?
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Identifying the factors that determine Th1 versus Th2 lymphocyte
differentiation is the goal of many scientists, and in recent years it
seemed that a modicum of understanding was finally within reach.
Contributions from many different sources have helped to determine
beyond reasonable doubt that it is the local cytokine microenvironment
that plays the most important role in directing T helper cell
differentiation during the immune response.1 Text books
and journals are full of good examples of how Th0 cells are directed
towards a Th1 phenotype by cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 12, whereas cytokines like IL-4 promote differentiation towards a Th2
phenotype. Furthermore, it is well accepted that the Th1 cells produce
cytokines that will encourage more Th0 cells towards a Th1
differentiation pathway, and likewise the Th2 cells produce cytokines
that direct more Th0 cells towards a Th2 differentiation pathway.
Although these positive autocrine mechanisms make sense in the
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