Commentary
See articles on pages 493 and 507The intracellular target of butyrate's actions: HDAC or HDON'T?
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Butyrate, the four-carbon short chain fatty acid, has
special significance for clinicians and scientists interested in large bowel physiology. It is normally present in the colonic lumen at
millimolar concentrations as a product of bacterial fermentation of
luminal carbohydrates and is readily taken up by the colonic epithelium
to be used as a major energy source via 
-oxidation. Butyrate affects
key functions of the colonic epithelium in vivo or at least in vitro in
models of the colonic epithelium. These functions include promotion of
sodium and water absorption, improvement of tight junction
permeability, and acceleration of epithelial restitution. Thus,
butyrate plays an important role in the maintenance of colonic mucosal health.
Butyrate has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of colonic
diseases, especially colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis. Butyrate's role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis has been a
fascinating saga. In 1981, Roediger first reported that epithelial
cells isolated from
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