Guidelines for osteoporosis in coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease
E M Scotta, I Gaywoodc, B B Scottb, for the British Society of Gastroenterology
a Department of
Endocrinology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK, b Department of
Gastroenterology, County Hospital, Greetwell Road, Lincoln LN2 5QY, UK, c Department of Rheumatology,
County Hospital
Correspondence to: Dr B B Scott.
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
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1.0 The problem |
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Osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem. It has been estimated that in the USA the remaining lifetime fracture risk at the age of 50 years is 40% for white women and 13% for white men,1 the major fracture sites being spine, forearm and hip. This results in considerable morbidity and mortality and rising costs, including acute hospital care and long term care in the home or nursing home. The estimated total annual cost of osteoporotic fractures in England and Wales is £742 million ($464 million).2 These costs are likely to increase as the population ages.
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2.0 Screening |
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2.1 BONE MINERAL DENSITY
Osteoporosis can be reliably detected by measurement of bone
mineral density (BMD), which can be expressed as the number of SDs
above or below either the mean BMD for young adults (T score) or the
mean BMD for age matched controls (Z score). A BMD more than 2.5 SD
below the
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