Commentary
See article on page 190Signals on the immune tract
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Recent studies have shown that cytokines produced by T
lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells play an important role in both
the induction and perpetuation of chronic intestinal
inflammation.1-5 In particular, the balance between
interleukin 12/interferon 
and transforming growth factor 
(TGF-) responses has been shown to regulate the occurrence of
chronic intestinal inflammation.6 The TGF- superfamily
consists of multifunctional cytokines, including TGF- 1-3,
activins, inhibins, and bone morphogenetic proteins. TGF-1 mediates
its functions by binding to the accessory TGF- type III receptor
that serves as a ligand for the TGF- type II receptor. Receptor
bound TGF-1 recruits TGF- type I receptor into the complex
leading to formation of a heteromeric complex that finally results in
phosphorylation and activation of receptor regulated Smad proteins
(Smad2, Smad3). The latter proteins form heteromeric complexes with
Smad4 which translocate to the nucleus to control gene transcription
hereby mediating the biological effects of
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Gut 2001 49: 190-198.[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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