© 2005 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & British Society of Gastroenterology
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Apples are a rich source of antioxidant polyphenols, accounting for nearly 
of our daily polyphenol intake. These are particularly important in the stomach, where there is a substantial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thought to be important in gastric carcinogenesis. Epidemiological evidence indicates that diets high in dietary antioxidants from fruit and vegetables are protective against gastric cancer. The study by Graziani et al attempts to explore the biochemical basis of this effect. Apple polyphenol extracts (APE) were shown to inhibit cell damage induced by xanthine oxidase’s action on xanthine. This effect was caused by the chlorogenic acid and catechin components, which were shown to enter the cells and to increase intracellular antioxidant activity. APE was also shown both in vitro and in vivo to protect gastric mucosa from injury by indomethacin, which acts in part via generating ROS. Because these effects were observed in rats using a dose
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