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Eosinophilic oesophagitis is an important condition, but its prevalence in the general population remains unknown. Ronkainen et al determined the prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis and its association with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in an adult Swedish population (the Kalixanda study). A random sample of 2860 adults was surveyed using the validated Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in a representative sample of 1000 of the responders to the questionnaire. Eosinophils were present in 48 subjects (4.8%, 95% CI 3.5 to 6.1), just over half of whom had no troublesome reflux symptoms. Definite eosinophilic oesophagitis was present in four subjects (0.4%, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.80) (see fig). Erosive oesophagitis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.99) and absence of dyspepsia (OR = 0.23) and Helicobacter pylori infection (OR = 0.41) were independent predictors for the presence of eosinophils in the oesophagus. This study provides the first
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