RECENT ADVANCES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis

Francesco Salerno¹, Alexander Gerbes², Pere Ginès³, Florence Wong⁴, Vicente Arroyo³

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Policlinico IRCCS San Donato, University of Milan, Via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato (MI), Italy
² Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University/Großhadern, University of Munich, Germany
³ Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain
⁴ Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada

Correspondence to:
Francesco Salerno
Department of Internal Medicine, Policlinico IRCCS San Donato, University of Milan, Via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato (MI), Italy; francesco.salerno@unimi.it

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a serious complication of end-stage liver disease, occurring mainly in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites, who have marked circulatory dysfunction,¹ as well as in patients with acute liver failure.² In spite of its functional nature, HRS is associated with a poor prognosis,^3,4 and the only effective treatment is liver transplantation.

During the 56th Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the International Ascites Club held a Focused Study Group (FSG) on HRS for the purpose of reporting the results of an international workshop and to reach a consensus on a new definition, criteria for diagnosis and recommendations on HRS treatment. A similar workshop was held in Chicago in 1994 in which standardised nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for refractory ascites and HRS were established.⁵ The introduction of innovative treatments and improvements in our understanding of the pathogenesis of HRS during the previous . . . [Full text of this article]

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