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Economical ways of making an early diagnosis of Barrett’s oesophagus are essential if population screening is to be possible. The study by Lao-Sirieix and colleagues describes the use of a polyurethane sponge contained within a gelatine capsule attached to a string that is swallowed and retrieved after 3–5 minutes. Cells caught in the sponge are pelleted and processed immunohistochemically. Twenty-four candidate genes of possible biomarkers upregulated in Barrett’s oesophagus were identified from a review of published microarrays. Of these, dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3)were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to be over-expressed in oesophageal but not gastric biopsies from five patients with Barrett’s oesophagus and five healthy controls. Over-expression of TFF3 but not DDC was confirmed immunohistochemically in the oesophagus but not stomach of 21 patients with Barrett’s oesophagus and 20 controls (see fig). TFF3 was tested with the sponge capsule in 46 patients with >3
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