SCIENCE ALERT
Peyer's patch organogenesis
cytokines rule,
OK?
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Comment
It seems that wherever one turns in mammalian biology, from
conception through normal development to death, cytokines of
immunological interest have become inserted as important regulators of
tissue activity. Or have they? The truth is that at various stages the evolving immune system has borrowed widely to turn existing regulatory and effector molecules to new advantages.
The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) families
The TNF and TNFR families of molecules1-3 consist of
the ligands TNF, lymphotoxins alpha and beta (LT-
, LT-
), nerve
growth factor (NGF), Fas ligand (FasL), CD27 ligand, CD30 ligand, CD40 ligand, OX40 (CD134) ligand, and 4-1BB ligand and their receptors (which, in most cases, are ligand specific). Of the ligands, TNF, LT- and NGF are secreted products, which in each ease associate to
form biologically active homotrimers (LT-3 in the case
of LT-). Both TNF and LT-3 are approximately equally
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Tumanov, A. V., Kuprash, D. V., Mach, J. A., Nedospasov, S. A., Chervonsky, A. V.
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[Abstract] [Full Text] -
McKAY, D M, BAIRD, A W
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Koni, P. A., Flavell, R. A.
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