High prevalence of Escherichia coli belonging to the B2+D phylogenetic group in inflammatory bowel disease

Roman Kotlowski ¹, C N Bernstein ¹, Shadi Sepehri ¹ and Denis O Krause ^1*

¹ University of Manitoba, Canada

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: denis_krause{at}umanitoba.ca.

Accepted 22 September 2006

Abstract

Background: It is not clear which species of bacteria may be involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). One way of determining which bacteria might be likely candidates is to use culture-independent methods to identify microorganisms that are present in diseased tissues but not in controls.

Aims: (1) To assess the diversity of microbial communities of biopsy tissue using culture-independent methods; (2) Culture the bacteria found in the IBD tissues but not the controls; and, (3) Identify potential virulence factors associated with cultured bacteria.

Methods: We utilised 84 biopsies from 15 controls, 13 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, and 19 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients from a population-based case- control study. Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) was conducted to identify unique DNA bands in CD and UC tissues that did not appear in controls.

Results: RISA analysis followed by DNA sequencing identified unique bands in IBD biopsies which were classified as Escherichia coli. Targeted culture revealed a significantly higher number of Enterobacteriaceae in IBD biopsies. The B2 + D phylogenetic group, serine protease autotransporters (SPATE), and adherence factors were more likely to be associated with UC and CD tissues than with controls.

Conclusions: The abundance of Enterobacteriaceae is 3 to 4 logs higher in IBD tissue and the B2 + D phylogenetic groups are more prevalent in UC and CD. The B2 + D phylogenetic group are associated with SPATE and adherence factors and may play a significant role in disease aetiology.

Keywords: adhesins, bacteria, inflammatory bowel disease, serine protease autotransporters

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