Association between the development of fatty liver and weight change (kg) over 1.7 years, between visit 1 and visit 2
| Quartiles of weight change (kg) over 1.7 years | Person-years | Incident case | Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | Multivariate HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI)* in the model using time-dependent variables | |
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| Ultrasonographically detected fatty liver (USFL) | ||||||
| I (<−0.9) | 2475.3 | 121 | 0.89 (0.69 to 1.14) | 0.72 (0.56 to 0.92) | 0.75 (0.59 to 0.97) | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.15) |
| II (−0.9 to 0.5) | 2421.0 | 134 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| III (0.6 to 2.2) | 2452.2 | 179 | 1.31 (1.05 to 1.64) | 1.38 (1.11 to 1.73) | 1.30 (1.04 to 1.63) | 1.10 (0.88 to 1.36) |
| IV (⩾2.3) | 2252.7 | 188 | 1.52 (1.22 to 1.90) | 1.73 (1.38 to 2.16) | 1.56 (1.24 to 1.96) | 1.26 (1.01 to 1.58) |
| p For trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| USFL + elevated ALT | ||||||
| I (<−0.9) | 2600.7 | 24 | 0.61 (0.37 to 1.01) | 0.48 (0.29 to 0.80) | 0.51 (0.31 to 0.86) | 0.60 (0.36 to 0.99) |
| II (−0.9 to 0.5) | 2561.0 | 39 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| III (0.6 to 2.2) | 2627.5 | 48 | 1.20 (0.79 to 1.83) | 1.26 (0.83 to 1.93) | 1.17 (0.76 to 1.79) | 0.99 (0.65 to 1.52) |
| IV (⩾2.3) | 2441.9 | 48 | 1.29 (0.85 to 1.98) | 1.46 (0.95 to 2.25) | 1.31 (0.84 to 2.03) | 1.10 (0.71 to 1.71) |
| p For trend | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.070 | ||
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Model 1: estimated from Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for period (years) from visit 1 to visit 2 and age, BMI, HDL-C, triglycerides, ALT, uric acid, and HOMA-IR at baseline (visit 1); model 2: model 1 plus adjustment for changes in HDL-C, triglycerides, ALT, uric acid, and HOMA-IR from visit 1 to visit 2
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*Estimated from extended Cox proportional hazard models with weight change as a time-dependent categorical variable adjusted for age, the period (years) from visit 1 to visit 2, and other covariates (BMI, HDL-C, triglycerides, ALT, uric acid, and HOMA-IR) over time as a time-dependent variable.
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ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence intervals; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HR, hazard ratios.
