Water-soluble CO-releasing molecules reduce the development of postoperative ileus via modulation of MAPK/HO-1 signalling and reduction of oxidative stress
- 1Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- 3Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- 4Vascular Biology Unit, Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, UK
- 5Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
- Dr R A Lefebvre, Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Romain.Lefebvre{at}UGent.be
- Revised 3 November 2008
- Accepted 5 November 2008
- Published Online First 20 November 2008
Abstract
Background and aims: Treatment with carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation has been shown to ameliorate postoperative ileus (POI) in rodents and swine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CO liberated from water-soluble CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) can protect against POI in mice and to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
Methods: Ileus was induced by surgical manipulation of the small intestine (IM). Intestinal contractility–transit was evaluated by video-fluorescence imaging. Leucocyte infiltration (myeloperoxidase), inflammatory parameters (ELISA), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), and haem oxygenase (HO)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme activity were measured in the intestinal mucosa and muscularis propria.
Results: Intestinal contractility and transit were markedly restored when manipulated mice were pre-treated with CO-RMs. Intestinal leucocyte infiltration, expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, as well as iNOS activity were reduced by treatment with CORM-3 (a transition metal carbonyl that releases CO very rapidly); whereas expression of IL10/HO-1 was further increased when compared to nontreated manipulated mice. Moreover, treatment with CORM-3 markedly reduced oxidative stress and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 activation in both mucosa (early response) and muscularis (biphasic response). The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 abolished CORM-3-mediated HO-1 induction. The HO inhibitor chromium mesoporphyrin only partially reversed the protective effects of CORM-3 on inflammation/oxidative stress in the muscularis, but completely abrogated CORM-3-mediated inhibition of the early “oxidative burst” in the mucosa.
Conclusions: Pre-treatment with CO-RMs markedly reduced IM-induced intestinal muscularis inflammation. These protective effects are, at least in part, mediated through induction of HO-1, in a p38-dependent manner, as well as reduction of ERK1/2 activation. In addition, CORM-induced HO-1 induction reduces the early “oxidative burst” in the mucosa following IM.
Footnotes
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Supplementary methods, figures and tables are published online only at http://gut.bmj.com/content/vol58/issue3
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Funding: ODeB is a research assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO), Flanders. This study was financially supported by FWO Grant G.0021.09N.
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Competing interests: RM has financial interests in HemoCOrm. The other authors do not have any competing interests.
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Ethics approval: All experiments were performed in accordance with European Union regulations for the handling and use of laboratory animals. The protocols were approved by the Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium, on 6 December 2006.
