Assessment of renal function: selected developments
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Elevated urinary β2 microglobulin in the first identified Japanese family afflicted by X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy
2013, Neuromuscular DisordersCitation Excerpt :Increased urinary β2 MG is indicative either of increased serum β2 MG or dysfunction of the proximal convoluted tubules. Serum β2 MG is increased in patients with malignant tumors, autoimmune disease, infection (including with hepatitis B virus, infectious mononucleosis, and human immunodeficiency virus), or glomerular dysfunction [10,11]. All current affected family members were free from malignant tumors, autoimmune disease, and infection, so in these cases, the increased urinary β2 MG may have been attributed to dysfunction of the proximal convoluted tubules; however, other markers of renal function suggested that this was unlikely.
Diabetic nephropathy: Traditional to proteomic markers
2013, Clinica Chimica ActaCitation Excerpt :Biomarkers of tubular lesions are essentially urinary enzymes (enzymuria) and plasma proteins of low molecular weight. Their increased excretion in the urine originates from the deficient reabsorption of plasma proteins by the tubular cells, or increased secretion of urine enzymes by tubular epithelial cells, both of which lead to proteinuria [48,57,58]. The urinary excretion of enzymes increases due to its release from cells that are damaged or regenerating [59].
Identification of Renal Injury in Cardiac Surgery: The Role of Kidney-Specific Proteins
2008, Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular AnesthesiaCitation Excerpt :Because this membrane is affected first by renal insults, NEP measured in the urine it is suggested to be an early and sensitive marker of tubular damage (Table 4).51 Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is freely filtered by the glomerulus and almost completely reabsorbed (99.9%) by the proximal tubule.51,52 As such, urinary excretion of RBP is an indicator of tubular dysfunction.51,52
The comparison of cystatin C and creatinine as an accurate serum marker in the prediction of type 2 diabetic nephropathy
2007, Diabetes Research and Clinical PracticeOxidative damage in the kidney induced by 900-MHz-emitted mobile phone: Protection by melatonin
2005, Archives of Medical ResearchCitation Excerpt :NAG is also found in serum but its molecular weight of 140 kDa does not permit glomerular filtration; thus, increased urinary NAG activity is one of the most sensitive markers of renal tubular damage (15,31–33). It appears in the urine after damage of the cell membranes of the proximal tubules and predominantly reflects tubulointerstitial injury and toxicity including those caused by drug toxicity (31,34). To investigate the possibility of subtle renal impairment, we measured urinary NAG activity in EMR-exposed rats.
Biochemical and histopathological examination of the effect of cigarette smoking on rat kidneys
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