Long-term endoscopic and histologic follow-up of Stage IE gastric lymphoproliferative disease of the low-grade B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type following cure of H. pylori was undertaken. Clinical and endoscopic features (age, race, endoscopic appearance, cure of H. pylori and duration of follow-up) were also evaluated as potential prognostic indicators for complete or near-complete regression of low-grade MALT lymphoma. Sixty-eight MALT lymphoma patients prospectively underwent H. pylori eradication. follow-up at periodic intervals with endoscopy and extensive mucosal biopsy protocol on 65 patients ranging from 12 weeks up to 73 months (mean +/- SD of 22.5+/-15.8 months) has been completed. H. pylori was eradicated in 89.2% of MALT lymphoma patients with complete histologic regression noted in 58.5%, near-complete regression in 18.5%, partial in 4.6%, and no change in 18.5%. Univariate analysis revealed two factors predictive of complete and/or near complete MALT lymphoma regression, H. pylori cure (p=0. 001) and duration of follow-up (p=0.001). Stepwise logistic regression also demonstrated that both H. pylori cure (p<0.0001) and duration of follow-up (p<0.02) were independently associated with complete and near complete MALT lymphoma regression. Age, race, and endoscopic appearance were not predictive of regression. We conclude that this lymphoproliferative disease predictably undergoes complete to near-complete histologic regression at variable rates following cure of H. pylori in a majority of patients.