We estimated the prevalence of celiac disease in children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), using antiendomysium antibodies as the screening test to select patients for intestinal biopsy. We studied 119 children with JCA and found four patients with antiendomysium antibodies. In three of these patients (2.5%), intestinal biopsy revealed villous atrophy; in the fourth the intestinal mucosa was normal. We conclude that the prevalence of celiac disease is increased in patients with JCA.