RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Metabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet is associated with a change in the gut microbiota JF Gut JO Gut FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology SP 543 OP 553 DO 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301012 VO 61 IS 4 A1 Matteo Serino A1 Elodie Luche A1 Sandra Gres A1 Audrey Baylac A1 Mathieu Bergé A1 Claire Cenac A1 Aurelie Waget A1 Pascale Klopp A1 Jason Iacovoni A1 Christophe Klopp A1 Jerome Mariette A1 Olivier Bouchez A1 Jerome Lluch A1 Francoise Ouarné A1 Pierre Monsan A1 Philippe Valet A1 Christine Roques A1 Jacques Amar A1 Anne Bouloumié A1 Vassilia Théodorou A1 Remy Burcelin YR 2012 UL http://gut.bmj.com/content/61/4/543.abstract AB Objective The gut microbiota, which is considered a causal factor in metabolic diseases as shown best in animals, is under the dual influence of the host genome and nutritional environment. This study investigated whether the gut microbiota per se, aside from changes in genetic background and diet, could sign different metabolic phenotypes in mice.Methods The unique animal model of metabolic adaptation was used, whereby C57Bl/6 male mice fed a high-fat carbohydrate-free diet (HFD) became either diabetic (HFD diabetic, HFD-D) or resisted diabetes (HFD diabetes-resistant, HFD-DR). Pyrosequencing of the gut microbiota was carried out to profile the gut microbial community of different metabolic phenotypes. Inflammation, gut permeability, features of white adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle were studied. Furthermore, to modify the gut microbiota directly, an additional group of mice was given a gluco-oligosaccharide (GOS)-supplemented HFD (HFD+GOS).Results Despite the mice having the same genetic background and nutritional status, a gut microbial profile specific to each metabolic phenotype was identified. The HFD-D gut microbial profile was associated with increased gut permeability linked to increased endotoxaemia and to a dramatic increase in cell number in the stroma vascular fraction from visceral white adipose tissue. Most of the physiological characteristics of the HFD-fed mice were modulated when gut microbiota was intentionally modified by GOS dietary fibres.Conclusions The gut microbiota is a signature of the metabolic phenotypes independent of differences in host genetic background and diet.