RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial
JF Gut
JO Gut
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology
SP gutjnl-2017-314786
DO 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786
A1 Henrik Munch Roager
A1 Josef K Vogt
A1 Mette Kristensen
A1 Lea Benedicte S Hansen
A1 Sabine Ibrügger
A1 Rasmus B Mærkedahl
A1 Martin Iain Bahl
A1 Mads Vendelbo Lind
A1 Rikke L Nielsen
A1 Hanne Frøkiær
A1 Rikke Juul Gøbel
A1 Rikard Landberg
A1 Alastair B Ross
A1 Susanne Brix
A1 Jesper Holck
A1 Anne S Meyer
A1 Morten H Sparholt
A1 Anders F Christensen
A1 Vera Carvalho
A1 Jens Juul Holst
A1 Jüri Johannes Rumessen
A1 Allan Linneberg
A1 Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
A1 Marlene D Dalgaard
A1 Andreas Blennow
A1 Henrik Lauritz Frandsen
A1 Silas Villas-Bôas
A1 Karsten Kristiansen
A1 Henrik Vestergaard
A1 Torben Hansen
A1 Claus T Ekstrøm
A1 Christian Ritz
A1 Henrik Bjørn Nielsen
A1 Oluf Borbye Pedersen
A1 Ramneek Gupta
A1 Lotte Lauritzen
A1 Tine Rask Licht
YR 2017
UL http://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2017/10/27/gutjnl-2017-314786.abstract
AB Objective To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.Design 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.Results 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye.Conclusion Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation.Trial registration number NCT 01731366; Results.