PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Robert Häsler
AU  - Raheleh Sheibani-Tezerji
AU  - Anupam Sinha
AU  - Matthias Barann
AU  - Ateequr Rehman
AU  - Daniela Esser
AU  - Konrad Aden
AU  - Carolin Knecht
AU  - Berenice Brandt
AU  - Susanna Nikolaus
AU  - Sascha Schäuble
AU  - Christoph Kaleta
AU  - Andre Franke
AU  - Christoph Fretter
AU  - Werner Müller
AU  - Marc-Thorsten Hütt
AU  - Michael Krawczak
AU  - Stefan Schreiber
AU  - Philip Rosenstiel
TI  - Uncoupling of mucosal gene regulation, mRNA splicing and adherent microbiota signatures in inflammatory bowel disease
AID  - 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311651
DP  - 2017 Dec 01
TA  - Gut
PG  - 2087--2097
VI  - 66
IP  - 12
4099  - http://gut.bmj.com/content/66/12/2087.short
4100  - http://gut.bmj.com/content/66/12/2087.full
SO  - Gut2017 Dec 01; 66
AB  - Objective An inadequate host response to the intestinal microbiota likely contributes to the manifestation and progression of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, molecular approaches to unravelling the nature of the defective crosstalk and its consequences for intestinal metabolic and immunological networks are lacking. We assessed the mucosal transcript levels, splicing architecture and mucosa-attached microbial communities of patients with IBD to obtain a comprehensive view of the underlying, hitherto poorly characterised interactions, and how these are altered in IBD.Design Mucosal biopsies from Crohn's disease and patients with UC, disease controls and healthy individuals (n=63) were subjected to microbiome, transcriptome and splicing analysis, employing next-generation sequencing. The three data levels were integrated by different bioinformatic approaches, including systems biology-inspired network and pathway analysis.Results Microbiota, host transcript levels and host splicing patterns were influenced most strongly by tissue differences, followed by the effect of inflammation. Both factors point towards a substantial disease-related alteration of metabolic processes. We also observed a strong enrichment of splicing events in inflamed tissues, accompanied by an alteration of the mucosa-attached bacterial taxa. Finally, we noted a striking uncoupling of the three molecular entities when moving from healthy individuals via disease controls to patients with IBD.Conclusions Our results provide strong evidence that the interplay between microbiome and host transcriptome, which normally characterises a state of intestinal homeostasis, is drastically perturbed in Crohn's disease and UC. Consequently, integrating multiple OMICs levels appears to be a promising approach to further disentangle the complexity of IBD.