Pathological motility disorders and the enteric nervous system
| Type | Inflammatory mediators | Cytokines | Neurotransmitters | Neuropeptides |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammation (acute) | LTB4 | IL-1 | 5-HT (5-HT1A/5-HT3) | BK (B2) |
| NO | SP (NK1) | |||
| Anaphylaxis | PGE2 | IL-1 | 5-HT ( 5-HT3) | SP (NK1) |
| Histamine (H1) | ||||
| Parasitism | 5-HT (5-HT3) | SP (NK1) | ||
| ACh (M1) | NKA (NK2) | |||
| Septic shock | PGE2 (EP2) | IL-1 | NAd (α1/α2) | CRF |
| PAF | TNF-α | NO |
LTB4, leukotriene B4; IL, interleukin; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; PAF, platelet activating factor; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; NO, nitric oxide; NAd, noradrenaline; BK, bradykinin; ACh, acetylcholine; SP, substance P; NK, neurokinin; CRF, corticotrophin releasing factor.