Accuracy of using age (⩾45 years) or the presence of any “alarm” symptoms as predictors of major endoscopic findings (cancer, ulcer, or stricture): sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values [95% confidence intervals]
| Positive predictive value | 23% [22–25] |
| Negative predictive value | 88% [86–90] |
| Sensitivity | 87% [85–89] |
| Specificity | 26% [25–28] |