Prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures in chronic liver disease
| Disease type | n | Cirrhotic (%) | Type of assessment | Osteoporosis | Fracture | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Osteoporosis is defined as T score <−2.5 except for: *defined as fracture threshold below 0.85 g/cm2; **defined as z score <−2. | ||||||
| ALD, alcoholic liver disease; PBC, primary biliary cirrhosis; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; BMD-LS, bone mineral density in lumbar spine. | ||||||
| Alcoholics | 17 | BMD-LS | 23% | Feitelberg 198731 | ||
| ALD | 10 | BMD-LS | 0% | Laitinen 199336 | ||
| PBC | 33 | Iliac crest biopsy | 0% | Mitchison 198822 | ||
| PBC | 55 | 45 | BMD-LS | Van-Berkum 199014 | ||
| PBC | 20 | Iliac crest biopsy | 35% | Guanabens 199018 | ||
| PBC | 210 | BMD-LS | 13%** | Eastell 199116 | ||
| PBC | 88 | BMD-LS | 35%* | Lindor 199515 | ||
| PSC | 81 | 23 | BMD-LS | 17% | 3% | Angulo 199823 |
| Viral | 74 | 100 | BMD-LS | 20%** | 7% | Chen 199612 |
| Viral | 32 | 100 | BMD-LS | 53%** | Gallego-Rojo 19986 | |
| Mixed | 115 | 52 | BMD-LS | 16%** | 12–18% | Diamond 198927 |
| Mixed | 133 | BMD-LS | 26%** | Bonkovsky 199025 | ||
| Mixed | 58 | 100 | BMD-LS | 43%** | Monegal 199713 | |
| Mixed | 32 | 53 | BMD-LS | 28% | Sinigaglia 199728 | |