Table 1

Mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases

MAP kinase IsoformAlternative nameSubstratePhenotypes of MAP kinase knockout mice.
ATF-2, activating transcription factor 2; ERK, extracellular signal regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase; MAP, mitogen activated protein; MAPK, MAP kinase; MAPKAP, MAP kinase activated protein kinase; MEF, myocyte enhance factor; SAPK, stress activated protein kinase; MNKs, MARK activating protein kinases; MSKs, mitogen and stress activated protein kinases; CSBP, cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory binding protein; RK, reactivating kinase.
ERK 1p44 MAPKMAPKAP-K1, MNKs, MSKs, Elk1Defective T cell development
ERK 2p42 MAPKMAPKAP-K1, MNKs, MSKs, Elk1
ERK 3αp63 MAPKMNKs, MSKs
ERK 3βhuman ERK3MNKs, MSKs
ERK 4ERK1bMNKs, MSKs
ERK 5MNKs, MSKs
ERK 7MNKs, MSKs
JNK 1SAPKγc-Jun, JunD, ATF-2, Elk1Defective T cell differentiation to Th2 cells
JNK 2SAPKαc-Jun, JunD, ATF-2, Elk1Defective T cell differentiation to Th1 cells
JNK 3SAPKβc-Jun, JunD, ATF-2, Elk1Resistance to excitotoxic neuronal cell death
p38αCSBP, SAPK2 MPK2, RK, Mxi2MAPKAP-K2/3, MSKs, ATF-2, Elk1, MEF2cPlacental defect, insufficient production of erythropoietin
p38βp38–2, p38β2MAPKAP-K2/3, MSKs, ATF-2
p38γERK6, SAPK3ATF2
p38δSAPK4ATF2