IBD (n = 618) | Controls* (n = 618) | Rheumatoid arthritis (n = 243) | Coeliac disease (n = 207) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
*Control group matched to the IBD group by age (±3 years) and sex. | ||||
†χ2 test, p<0.001; OR = 3.6 (95% CI 1.7–7.8) adjusted for the risk factors operation, injuries, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, BMI, and smoking in the logistic regression model. | ||||
‡Cavernous sinus thrombosis, mesenteric vein thrombosis, or superior caval vein thrombosis. | ||||
§Travelling by plane, bus or car, ⩾4 hours. | ||||
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; TE, thromboembolism; PE, pulmonary embolism; OC, oral contraceptive use or hormone substitution; CVC, central venous catheter; 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; AZA, azathioprine. | ||||
Patients with TE (n) | 38† | 10† | 5 | 2 |
One TE | 30 | 9 | 5 | 2 |
Two TE | 7 | – | – | – |
Three TE | 1 | 1 | – | – |
Total number of TEs | 47 | 12 | 5 | 2 |
Age at first TE (median (range)) | 47 (18–84) | 35 (22–69) | 56 (33–64) | 34 and 53 |
Site of TE (n) | ||||
Deep vein | 23 | 6 | 5 | 2 |
PE | 14 | 6 | – | – |
Subclavian vein | 4 | – | – | – |
Arm vein | 3 | – | – | – |
Other‡ | 3 | – | – | – |
Clinical risk factors (n) | ||||
Flight§ | 3 | 1 | 1 | – |
Postoperative | 5 | 1 | 1 | – |
Injury | 2 | 1 | – | 1 |
Pregnancy | – | 2 | 1 | – |
OC | 5 | 2 | 1 | – |
CVC | 5 | – | – | – |
IBD specific factors (n) | ||||
Clinical activity | 18 | |||
Fistula | 5 | |||
Abscess | 1 | |||
Stenosis | 9 | |||
IBD specific therapy (n) | ||||
5-ASA | 17 | |||
Steroids | 13 | |||
AZA | 5 |