The adjusted association between colonisation with gut bacteria at 1 month of age and atopic sensitisation and atopic disease manifestation at 2 years of age (n = 957)
| Intestinal bacteria | Eczema† | Recurrent wheeze† | Atopic dermatitis (UK-WP)‡ | Sensitisation§ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (n/N)¶ | ORadj (95% CI)** | Prevalence (n/N)¶ | ORadj (95% CI)** | Prevalence (n/N)¶ | ORadj (95% CI)** | Prevalence (n/N)¶ | ORadj (95% CI)** | ||||
| †Based on parents’ reports in 7, 12 and/or 24 months’ questionnaires; ‡as determined by trained nurses during home visits; §specific IgE antibodies to at least one allergen (cow’s milk, hen’s egg, peanut, birch pollen, grass pollen, cat, dog, house dust mite); ¶numbers in table do not always add up to 957 due to missing bacterial count data or outcome data; **from logistic regression analysis: adjusted for subcohort, parental history of atopy, sibling history of atopy, age at collection of faecal sample and infant’s gender; ††colonisation with bifidobacteria in association with atopic sensitisation and disease manifestation presented as low (<10.68 log10 CFU/g) versus high (⩾10.68 log10 CFU/g) counts since almost all infants were colonised; uncolonised infants (n = 12) were added to the low counts group. | |||||||||||
| *p<0.05 two-sided. | |||||||||||
| Bifidobacteria†† | |||||||||||
| Low | 32.4% (148/457) | 1.0 | 9.4% (41/434) | 1.0 | 17.9% (54/302) | 1.0 | 26.5% (76/287) | 1.0 | |||
| High | 32.5% (156/480) | 1.02 (0.77 to 1.35) | 11.8% (55/466) | 1.32 (0.85 to 2.06) | 14.4% (44/305) | 0.79 (0.51 to 1.23) | 30.1% (89/296) | 1.23 (0.85 to 1.77) | |||
| E coli | |||||||||||
| No | 22.2% (24/108) | 1.0 | 5.8% (6/104) | 1.0 | 15.9% (10/63) | 1.0 | 30.6% (19/62) | 1.0 | |||
| Yes | 33.8% (279/826) | 1.87 (1.15 to 3.04)* | 11.1% (88/793) | 1.92 (0.80 to 4.59) | 16.2% (88/542) | 1.02 (0.49 to 2.10) | 28.1% (146/519) | 0.86 (0.48 to 1.54) | |||
| C difficile | |||||||||||
| No | 30.3% (213/702) | 1.0 | 9.4% (63/671) | 1.0 | 14.1% (64/454) | 1.0 | 26.1% (115/440) | 1.0 | |||
| Yes | 38.7% (91/235) | 1.40 (1.02 to 1.91)* | 14.4% (33/229) | 1.75 (1.09 to 2.80)* | 22.2% (34/153) | 1.73 (1.08 to 2.78)* | 35.0% (50/143) | 1.54 (1.02 to 2.31)* | |||
| B fragilis group | |||||||||||
| No | 32.0% (55/172) | 1.0 | 9.0% (15/166) | 1.0 | 12.5% (14/112) | 1.0 | 29.9% (32/107) | 1.0 | |||
| Yes | 32.5% (249/765) | 1.02 (0.71 to 1.47) | 11.0% (81/734) | 1.20 (0.66 to 2.18) | 17.0% (84/495) | 1.41 (0.76 to 2.60) | 27.9% (133/476) | 0.90 (0.57 to 1.43) | |||
| Lactobacilli | |||||||||||
| No | 31.2% (199/637) | 1.0 | 10.3% (63/613) | 1.0 | 15.7% (64/408) | 1.0 | 28.0% (110/393) | 1.0 | |||
| Yes | 35.0% (105/300) | 1.23 (0.91 to 1.65) | 11.5% (33/287) | 1.22 (0.77 to 1.93) | 17.1% (34/199) | 1.14 (0.72 to 1.81) | 28.9% (55/190) | 1.04 (0.71 to 1.53) | |||