| Frequency of reflux | Reflux overall association | Reflux combined with BMI | ||||||
| BMI <25 | BMI 25–24.9 | BMI ⩾30 | ||||||
| Controls/cases | OR* (95% CI) | Controls/cases | OR† (95% CI) | Controls/cases | OR (95% CI) | Controls/cases | OR (95% CI) | |
| Adenocarcinoma oesophagus | ||||||||
| Never | 698/82 | 1.0 (ref) | 279/22 | 1.0 (ref) | 253/36 | 1.6 (0.9 to 2.8) | 122/20 | 2.2 (1.1 to 4.3) |
| <Weekly | 686128 | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.0) | 218/26 | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.7) | 320/53 | 1.8 (1.1 to 3.2) | 143/46 | 3.9 (2.2 to 7.0) |
| ⩾Weekly | 184/153 | 6.4 (4.5 to 9.0) | 52/24 | 5.6 (2.8 to 11.3) | 77/59 | 7.4 (4.1 to 13.5) | 49/64 | 16.5 (8.9 to 30.6) |
| Adenocarcinoma gastro-oesophageal junction | ||||||||
| Never | 698/120 | 1.0 (ref) | 279/38 | 1.0 (ref) | 253/36 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) | 122/40 | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.6) |
| <Weekly | 686/150 | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.5) | 218/40 | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.9) | 320/58 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.7) | 143/47 | 1.9 (1.2 to 3.2) |
| ⩾Weekly | 184/153 | 4.5 (3.3 to 6.1) | 52/28 | 3.6 (2.0 to 6.7) | 77/74 | 5.5 (3.3 to 8.9) | 49/47 | 5.8 (3.3 to 10.1) |
| Smoking history | Smoking overall association | Smoking combined with BMI | ||||||
| BMI <25 | BMI 25–24.9 | BMI ⩾30 | ||||||
| Controls/cases | OR (95% CI) | Controls/cases | OR‡ 95% CI†) | Controls/cases | OR (95% CI) | Controls/cases | OR (95% CI) | |
| Adenocarcinoma oesophagus | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 710/94 | 1.0 (ref) | 277/22 | 1.0 (ref) | 274/35 | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.3) | 127/34 | 3.5 (1.9 to 6.6) |
| 1–29 Pack-years | 602/142 | 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) | 185/19 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.4) | 272/63 | 2.0 (1.1 to 3.5) | 117/56 | 3.8 (2.1 to 6.9) |
| 30+ Pack-years | 268/131 | 2.3 (1.6 to 3.3) | 87/31 | 3.0 (1.5 to 5.8) | 104/52 | 3.5 (1.9 to 6.5) | 70/40 | 3.8 (2.0 to 7.4) |
| Adenocarcinoma gastro-oesophageal junction | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 710/97 | 1.0 (ref) | 277/34 | 1.0 (ref) | 274/33 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 127/25 | 1.9 (1.1 to 3.5) |
| 1–29 Pack-years | 602/180 | 2.1 (1.5 to 2.8) | 185/35 | 1.8 (1.0 to 3.1) | 272/82 | 2.0 (1.2 to 3.2) | 117/58 | 3.6 (2.2 to 6.1) |
| 30+ Pack-years | 268/149 | 3.2 (2.3 to 4.6) | 87/39 | 3.2 (1.8 to 5.8) | 104/53 | 3.1 (1.8 to 5.4) | 70/51 | 4.6 (2.6 to 8.1) |
*Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval adjusted for age (in years), sex, income, state of residence, cumulative smoking history, alcohol consumption, frequency of aspirin use in the past 5 years, frequency of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms 10 years before diagnosis and BMI in the year before diagnosis.
†Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval adjusted for age (in years), sex, income, state of residence, cumulative smoking history, alcohol consumption and frequency of aspirin use in the past 5 years.
‡Odds ratio adjusted for age (in years), sex, income, state of residence, frequency of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms 10 years before diagnosis, alcohol consumption and frequency of aspirin use in the past 5 years.