Table 1

Pathological contributors to iron deficiency anaemia in the UK with prevalence as percentage of total4–9

ContributorPrevalence
Occult GI blood loss
Common
 Aspirin/NSAID use10–15%
 Colonic carcinoma5–10%
 Gastric carcinoma5%
 Benign gastric ulceration5%
 Angiodysplasia5%
Uncommon
 Oesophagitis2–4%
 Oesophageal carcinoma1–2%
 Gastric antral vascular ectasia1–2%
 Small bowel tumours1–2%
 Cameron ulcer in large hiatus hernia<1%
 Ampullary carcinoma<1%
 Ancylomasta duodenale<1%
Malabsorption
Common
 Coeliac disease4–6%
 Gastrectomy<5%
Helicobacter pylori colonisation<5%
Uncommon
 Gut resection<1%
 Bacterial overgrowth<1%
Non-GI blood loss
Common
 Menstruation20–30%
 Blood donation5%
Uncommon
 Haematuria1%
 Epistaxis<1%
  • GI, gastrointestinal; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.