Table 6

Factors associated with clinically significant endpoints in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)

Endpoint	Relapse (off treatment)	Progressive fibrosis or development of cirrhosis	Liver-related death or transplantation
Frequency	50–90%	10–50%	10–20%
Factors
At presentation	Long symptom duration High serum globulin LKM antibody positive175 SLA/LP positive113 176 or no immune markers	Low serum albumin and coagulopathy180 Confluent necrosis on biopsy180	Female61 African-American men17 Type 2 AIH185 and SLA positive AIH115 Cirrhosis64 155 Confluent necrosis

On treatment	Short treatment duration177 Long time to remission172	Persistent AST elevation172 173 Failure to achieve remission over 2 years181 182 Persistent inflammation on liver biopsy183	Poor response,68 failure of AST to halve in 6 months,174 long time to achieve remission,182 persistent serum AST elevation155 171
Pretreatment withdrawal	Raised serum ALT or AST172 178 Raised serum globulin IgG 172 178 Liver biopsy with any inflammation179 or with portal tract plasma cells139
Subsequently		Multiple relapses155 184	Multiple relapses155 184 Development of cirrhosis155 172

ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LKM-1, liver kidney microsomal-1 antibody; SLA/LP, soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antigen.