Clinical and pathological features of eight patients affected by refractory coeliac disease (RCD)
| Patient | Sex | RCD type | Associated complication | Age at CD diagnosis (years) | Age at RCD diagnosis (years) | Duration of GFD (years) | HLA status | Histological grading17 | CD8+/CD3+ IELs | Monoclonal TCR-γ gene rearrangement | Therapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M | 1 | None | 71 | 71 | 2 | DQ2 | B1 | NA | Present | Steroids |
| 2 | F | 2 | UJI | 60 | 63 | 9 | DQ2 | B1 | ↓↓ | Absent | Steroids |
| 3 | F | 2 | None | 63 | 64 | 1 | DQ2 | B2 | ↓↓ | Absent | Surgery |
| 4 | F | 2 | None | 40 | 54 | 14 | DQ2 | B2 | ↓↓↓ | Present | Steroids |
| 5 | M | 2 | None | 55 | 57 | 3 | DQ2 | B1 | ↓ | Present | Steroids |
| 6 | M | 1 | None | 75 | 76 | 1 | DQ2 | B2 | ↓↓ | Absent | Steroids |
| 7 | F | 1 | None | 24 | 37 | 13 | DQ2 | B2 | Normal | Absent | Steroids |
| 8 | M | 2 | UJI | 64 | 65 | 1 | DQ2 | B1 | ↓↓ | Present | Steroids |
F, female; GFD, gluten-free diet; HLA, human leucocyte antigen; IEL, intraepithelial lymphocyte; M, male; NA, not available; TCR, T cell receptor; UJI, ulcerative jejunoileitis; ↓, slightly decreased; ↓↓, moderately decreased; ↓↓↓, markedly decreased.