Soluble VAP-1 levels according to clinical covariates
| Categorical associations | sVAP-1 level (ng/mL) | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male vs female | 529 (432–627) | 567 (457–698) | 0.325 | |
| Disease severity | ||||
| Non-cirrhotic vs Cirrhotic | 462 (406–547) | 578 (413–736) | 0.006 | |
| Ascending cholangitis within past 3 months* | ||||
| Presence vs absence | 550 (376–646) | 532 (438–672) | 0.350 | |
| IBD† | ||||
| Presence vs absence | 532 (431–653) | 542 (438–663) | 0.668 | |
| Active vs inactive | 523 (387–626) | 533 (443–672) | 0.466 | |
| Colectomy vs colon intact | 534 (443–710) | 532 (434–651) | 0.939 | |
| Immunosuppression within past 3 months | ||||
| Exposure vs absence | 516 (418–621) | 549 (438–663) | 0.630 | |
| UDCA exposure within past 3 months | ||||
| Treatment vs non-treatment | 534 (451–681) | 457 (413–571) | 0.053 | |
| Antibiotic exposure within past 3 months‡ | ||||
| Exposure vs absence | 566 (395–621) | 529 (436–672) | 0.600 | |
| ANA | ||||
| Positive vs negative | 517 (432–696) | 551 (435–631) | 0.857 | |
| ASMA | ||||
| Positive vs negative | 508 (421–627) | 543 (436–676) | 0.462 | |
| pANCA | ||||
| Positive vs negative | 517 (436–667) | 552 (436–663) | 0.794 | |
| Child-Turcotte-Pugh score | ||||
| A vs B vs C | 512 (406–598) | 559 (453–750) | 524 (430–699) | 0.347 |
| Continuous variable correlations | Spearman's ρ | p Value | ||
| Patient age | 0.194 | 0.027 | ||
| Serum AST | −0.002 | 0.993 | ||
| Serum ALT | −0.076 | 0.691 | ||
| Serum ALP (ratio to ULN) | −0.205 | 0.278 | ||
| Serum bilirubin | 0.217 | 0.250 | ||
| Serum albumin | −0.819 | 0.318 | ||
| INR | 0.014 | 0.941 | ||
| Platelet count | −0.585 | 0.001 | ||
| Serum sodium | 0.141 | 0.113 | ||
| Serum creatinine | −0.242 | 0.197 | ||
| MELD score | 0.128 | 0.149 | ||
| IgG | 0.195 | 0.303 | ||
Continuous data presented as medians (IQR in parenthesis).
*A total of 25 patients were noted to have an attack of ascending cholangitis within 3 months of serum sampling.
†A total of106 patients had a history of IBD (all colitis), of whom 27 had active disease. Another 19 patients had undergone prior colectomy (9 with colonic dysplasia), of which 5 were experiencing pouchitis.
‡Thirty-six patients were exposed to antibiotics within 3 months of serum sampling.
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; ANA, antinuclear antibody; ASMA, anti-smooth muscle antibody; AST, aspartate transaminase; IgG, immunoglobulin G; INR, international normalised ratio; MELD, model for end-stage liver diseases; pANCA, perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; ULN, upper limit of normal; VAP, vascular adhesion protein.