Clinicopathological correlation of patient with HCC samples carrying TSC mutation and other background mutation*
| Parameters | With TSC mutation (n=18) | With known HCC driver mutation† (n=53) | Others (n=40) | p Value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 15 (83.3%) | 40 (75.5%) | 26 (65%) | 0.342 |
| Female | 3 (16.7%) | 13 (24.5%) | 14 (35%) | |
| Mean age (range)§ | 50.7 (24–68) | 52.4 (29–72) | 51.0 (24–74) | 0.812 |
| Tumour size | ||||
| >5 cm | 15 (83.3%) | 31 (58.5%) | 19 (47.5%) | 0.034 |
| ≤5 cm | 3 (16.7%) | 22 (41.5%) | 21 (52.5%) | |
| Background liver disease | ||||
| Normal | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (7.5%) | 0.350 |
| Chronic hepatitis | 8 (44.4%) | 22 (41.5%) | 17 (42.5%) | |
| Cirrhosis | 10 (55.6%) | 31 (58.5%) | 20 (50%) | |
| Liver invasion | ||||
| Yes | 4 (23.5%) | 23 (45.1%) | 10 (26.3%) | 0.117 |
| No | 13 (76.5%) | 28 (54.9%) | 28 (73.7%) | |
| Tumour microsatellite formation | ||||
| Yes | 9 (52.9%) | 29 (55.8%) | 20 (51.3%) | 0.912 |
| No | 8 (47.1%) | 23 (44.2%) | 19 (48.7%) | |
| Tumour encapsulation | ||||
| Yes | 5 (27.8%) | 18 (34.6%) | 15 (39.5%) | 0.712 |
| No | 13 (72.2%) | 34 (65.4%) | 23 (60.5%) | |
| Venous invasion | ||||
| Yes | 14 (77.8%) | 31 (58.5%) | 17 (42.5%) | 0.041 |
| No | 4 (22.2%) | 22 (41.5%) | 23 (57.5%) | |
| Cellular differentiation | ||||
| Edmondson grade I–II | 5 (27.8%) | 21 (39.6%) | 15 (37.5%) | 0.724 |
| Edmondson grade III–IV | 13 (72.2%) | 32 (60.4%) | 25 (62.5%) | |
| TNM staging | ||||
| I–II | 4 (22.2%) | 19 (35.8%) | 19 (47.5%) | 0.175 |
| III–IV | 14 (77.8%) | 34 (64.2%) | 21 (52.5%) | |
Bold indicates statistically significant p values.
*Patient samples from discovery and validation cohorts (n=111) were stratified into three groups: with TSC mutation (n=18), with known HCC driver mutations (n=53) and other mutations (n=40) accordingly.
†Cases that carry no TSC mutations but having mutations in any of TP53, CTNNB1, AXIN1 and ARID1A.
‡Fisher's exact test.
§Analysis of variance.
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; TNM, tumour, node, metastases; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex.