Characteristics of PPIs and non-PPIs users
| All (n=63 397) | PPIs users (n=3271) | Non-PPIs users (n=60 126) | |
| Age at triple therapy (years)* | 54.7 (46.0–65.4) | 64.1 (53.6–75.3) | 54.3 (45.7–64.7) |
| Male sex (n, %) | 29 499 (46.5%) | 1641 (50.2%) | 27 858 (46.3%) |
| Duration of follow-up (years)* | 7.6 (5.1–10.3) | 7.4 (4.5–10.0) | 7.6 (5.2–10.3) |
| Smoking (n, %) | 1629 (2.6%) | 162 (5.0%) | 1467 (2.4%) |
| Alcohol (n, %) | 552 (0.9%) | 50 (1.5%) | 502 (0.8%) |
| Dyspepsia (n, %) | 4145 (6.5%) | 262 (8.0%) | 3883 (6.5%) |
| GORD (n, %) | 3278 (5.2%) | 593 (18.1%) | 2685 (4.5%) |
| History of GU (n, %) | 1268 (2.0%) | 153 (4.7%) | 1115 (1.9%) |
| History of DU (n, %) | 1897 (3.0%) | 139 (4.2%) | 1758 (2.9%) |
| DM (n, %) | 7383 (11.6%) | 772 (23.6%) | 6611 (11.0%) |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 13 065 (20.6%) | 1334 (40.8%) | 11 731 (19.5%) |
| Dyslipidaemia (n, %) | 5045 (8.0%) | 579 (17.7%) | 4466 (7.4%) |
| Obesity | 637 (1.0%) | 61 (1.9%) | 576 (1.0%) |
| IHD (n, %) | 5701 (9.0%) | 906 (27.7%) | 4795 (8.0%) |
| AF (n, %) | 2404 (3.8%) | 371 (11.3%) | 2033 (3.4%) |
| CHF (n, %) | 2512 (4.0%) | 463 (14.2%) | 2049 (3.4%) |
| Stroke (n, %) | 3965 (6.3%) | 561 (17.2%) | 3404 (5.7%) |
| CRF (n, %) | 1388 (2.2%) | 236 (7.2%) | 1152 (1.9%) |
| Cirrhosis (n, %) | 1037 (1.6%) | 98 (3.0%) | 939 (1.6%) |
| Statins (n, %) | 13 180 (20.8%) | 1351 (41.3%) | 11 829 (19.7%) |
| Metformin (n, %) | 7935 (12.5%) | 605 (18.5%) | 7330 (12.2%) |
| Aspirin (n, %) | 8965 (14.1%) | 1358 (41.5%) | 7607 (12.7%) |
| NSAIDs/COX-2 inhibitors (n, %) | 3556 (5.6%) | 391 (12.0%) | 3165 (5.3%) |
| Clopidogrel (n, %) | 980 (1.5%) | 200 (6.1%) | 780 (1.3%) |
| H2RA (n, %) | 21 729 (34.3%) | 1499 (45.8%) | 20 230 (33.6%) |
Categorical variables were expressed as number (%).
Drug use was defined as at least weekly use, and expressed as number (%).
*Age was expressed as median (years) with IQR.
AF, atrial fibrillation; CHF, congestive heart failure; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; CRF, chronic renal failure; DM, diabetes mellitus; DU, duodenal ulcer; GU, gastric ulcer; H2RA, histamine 2 receptor antagonist; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors.