Hepatitis C virus and autoimmunity: Fortuitous association or reality?
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Cited by (107)
Different biochemical patterns in type II and type III mixed cryoglobulinemia in HCV positive patients
2018, Digestive and Liver DiseaseCitation Excerpt :CGs are heterogeneous immune-complexes, and do not always correlate with the severity of symptoms, [25]. HCV patients express a great variety of autoantibodies usually at a low titer [26], and they may be associated with underlying autoimmune disorders or liver inflammation in HCV infection. A possible reason for antibody production is over activation and proliferation of B lymphocytes, via interaction with the HCV surface protein [27].
Other Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection (Pulmonary, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Nondiabetes Endocrine Disorders)
2017, Clinics in Liver DiseaseCitation Excerpt :In a case-control study, patients with untreated HCV infection without hepatocellular carcinoma or cirrhosis (n = 630) were more likely to present with hypothyroidism and positive antithyroglobulin, and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies than healthy controls from both iodine-sufficient (n = 268) and -deficient areas (n = 389) and HBV-infected patients.55 In the past, several indirect mechanisms were discussed as potential links between these 2 conditions, especially the interference with self-recognition in the interaction between immune system and thyrocytes,56,57 including molecular mimicry or cross-reactivity of HCV with thyroid antigens,57,58 formation of heat shock proteins, and changes in major histocompatibility complex II antigens on thyrocytes.59 Interestingly, new evidence suggests that HCV can directly infect human thyroid cell lines, potentially contributing to the persistence of viral infection and to the development of thyroid autoimmunity through additional inflammatory mechanisms.60
Autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation markers in naïve HCV-RNA positive patients without clinical evidences of autoimmune/lymphoproliferative disorders
2016, Digestive and Liver DiseaseCitation Excerpt :HCV-patients show a wide range of autoantibodies usually at very low titres. Among them, ANA-positivity was found in 10–33% of HCV-patients [27]. Although an interpretation of the mechanism responsible for ANA onset and their clinical meaning are not clear, the molecular mimicry could, at least in part, explain this phenomenon.
Interferon beta 1a-induced severe autoimmune hepatitis in patients with multiple sclerosis: Report of two cases and review of the literature
2015, Annals of HepatologyCitation Excerpt :It has also been observed the development and/or exacerbation5,13 of AIH in association with IFN alfa treatment for hepatitis C, a viral infection that per se has been related with autoimmunity.14 –16 Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of autoimmune nature resulting from dysregulation of TH1 and TH2 lymphocytes, cytokines and regulatory T cells.
Cryoglobulinemia and progression of fibrosis in chronic HCV infection: Cause or effect?
2004, Journal of InfectionCitation Excerpt :Prevalence of rheumatoid factor autoantibodies ranges from 24 to 76% in chronically HCV infected patients, and their frequency seems to increase with the severity of liver disease.15 The occurrence of RF activity with titers higher than 100 IU/ml closely correlates with HCV RNA in the serum and is a good predictor of the probability of isolating a cryoglobulin.16 A positivity rate for RF of 41.3% was found in the studied population and cryoglobulinemic patients showed higher RF positivity than those without cryoglobulinemia (p=0.02).