Original contributionGranulocytosis associated with malignant neoplasms: A clinicopathologic study and demonstration of colony-stimulating activity in tumor extracts
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Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction: Case report and review of the literature
2021, Pathology Research and PracticeCitation Excerpt :PLR is typically seen in the setting of a cytokine-secreting tumor (CST). G-CSF is most commonly implicated, though other cytokines (i.e., GM-CSF, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, TNF-α) have also been reported [3,17–25]. G-CSF is a naturally occurring glycoprotein that stimulates the proliferation and maturation of progenitor cells in the bone marrow into fully differentiated and functionally activated neutrophils [26].
Prognostic value of hypercalcaemia and leucocytosis in resected oral squamous cell carcinoma
2014, British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryCitation Excerpt :This confirms the results of other studies in showing that hypercalcaemia is a late sign of disease that develops with progression of head and neck cancer or oral SCC.16,17 Previous case studies have also shown that the burden of solid tumours (either large, bulky, locoregional tumours or widely disseminated tumours) correlated with the degree of leucocytosis.5,13,18,19 Some authors have theorised that hypercalcaemia, leucocytosis, and other paraneoplastic syndromes are the earliest signs of occult neoplasms,10 and other authors have emphasised that all patients with cancer of the head and neck who are unwell must have their serum calcium concentrations measured.8
Bone marrow
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2009, Modern Surgical PathologyMurine mammary carcinoma 4T1 induces a leukemoid reaction with splenomegaly: Association with tumor-derived growth factors
2007, Experimental and Molecular PathologyParaneoplastic leukocytosis with mature neutrophilia in a cat with pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma
2004, Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery