[43] Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid Peroxidation
Publisher Summary
This chapter describes the malondialdehyde (MDA) as index of lipid peroxidation. The determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) has attracted widespread interest, because it appears to offer a facile means of assessing lipid peroxidation in biological materials. Malondialdehyde occurs in biological materials in free state and in various covalently bound forms. Urine also contains small amounts of MDA adducts with guanine, the phospholipid bases serine and ethanolamine, and other unidentified reactants. Free MDA is a minor and variable excretory product. It is apparent from the occurrence of these derivatives in urine that MDA forms adducts with proteins, nucleic acids, and other substances in vivo, and this compromises the assessment of lipid peroxidation in the tissues based on the determination of free MDA. The pH required for maximum yield of MDA varies among biological materials depending on the nature of the derivatives present. MDA may be generated during hydrolysis by the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the sample and by the degradation of preexisting oxidation products. Pigments present in the sample, or generated during hydrolysis, also can interfere in the colorimetric assessment of MDA. These problems, and possibilities for their resolution, are discussed in the chapter.
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The objective of our work is based on the evaluation of the effect of roasted (Roil) and unroasted (UnRoil) Argan seed oil on diabetic nephropathy.
Roasted and unroasted oils from Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels seeds were examined for their effects on diabetic nephropathy using an experimental streptozotocin-induced model. Biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on blood and kidney samples to assess renal function and tissue damage.
Both oils ameliorated significantly diabetic nephropathy symptoms. They limited the renal damage caused by streptozotocin and improved diabetes symptoms, including blood glucose levels, body weight, water intake, urinary volume, and kidney parameters. This activity could be elucidated by the antioxidant effect of Argan oil, enabling to neutralize free radicals and undertake a fundamental role in preventing the onset of these complications.
Based on our findings, Argan oil could be used as dietary supplement for people with diabetes as a preventive measure against the emergence of diabetic complications.
Effect of photo-oxidized Soybean Oil and Palm Olein on some biochemical parameters of Rats
2024, Food Chemistry AdvancesThe objective of this study was to determine the influence of sunlight on the quality of soybean oil (SBO) and palm olein (POL) and the consequences of their consumption on some biochemical parameters of rats. SBO and POL were purchased from the local market and divided into five (5) groups of 200 g each and transferred in transparent glass containers. One group served as control and the others exposed to sunlight 8 h/day for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days respectively. Their qualities were tested by measuring the oxidation parameters. Oil samples of days 0, 30 and 60 were administered to sixty male rats aged 28 days and some biochemical parameters evaluated. Results showed significant increase in the peroxide (PV) (8.83–62.63 meq O2 /Kg), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) (3.58–19.99 ppm), acid (AV) (0.27–0.56 % oleic acid) and a decrease in iodine value (IV) (50.45–67.57 g I2 /100 g) in photooxidized oils. Biochemical analysis revealed significant increase in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (145–194 U/L), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (30–61 U/L), total cholesterol (16–59 mg/dl) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (4–32 mg/dL) and triglycerides (50–83 mg/dl) in rats fed with photo-oxidized oils compared to control groups. Oils should not be exposed to sunlight.
Evaluation of the dietary taurine requirement for early juvenile mud crab Scylla paramamosain
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Selenium nanoparticle ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats through inhibition of ferroptosis, inflammation, and HSPs
2024, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and TechnologyAcute lung injury (ALI) is a common, life-threatening clinical condition characterized by respiratory failure. Ferroptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress majorly affect ALI progression. Selenium nanoparticles (SENP) are strong antioxidant trace elements. The current study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic impact of SENP in an experimental model of ALI in rats with an emphasis on oxidative stress, Ferroptosis, inflammation, and heat shock protein-47 (HSPs47). SENP were synthesized using sodium selenite reduction with ascorbic acid and chitosan as a stabilizer. Characterization revealed a particle size of 79.72 ± 3 nm, polydispersity index of 0.1162, and zeta potential of 64.23 ± 4.88 mV. Transmission electron microscope displayed homogenous spherical nanoparticles with smooth surfaces, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed chitosan interaction and X-ray study revealed amorphous characteristic. The study utilized a rat model, dividing them into four groups: NC (received normal saline), LPS (received lipopolysaccharides to induce ALI), SE (received selenium), and SENP (received SENP). Results demonstrated that both SE and SENP treatments effectively alleviated histopathological changes induced by LPS in lung tissue, with SENP exhibiting higher efficacy. Compared to the LPS group, both SE and SENP groups showed significant reductions in malondialdehyde, Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and Toll-like receptor 4 levels. Additionally, SE and SENP treatments significantly increased levels of HSPs47, glutathione, and heme oxygenase-1 compared to the LPS group. The study concluded that SENP could serve as an effective adjuvant therapy for ALI due to its positive impact on oxidative stress, inflammation, and HSPs47.
The effects of smoking, boiling and freezing on the nutritional value and health risks of heavy metals in four fish species consumed in Douala was investigated. Fish samples from Cyprinus carpio, Arius parkii, Ethmalosa fimbriata and Polydactilis quadrifilis were collected at the Douala Fishing seaport, carried to the laboratory, washed with distilled water and processed. Proximate composition, mineral content, heavy metals and lipid quality were analyzed using AOAC standard methods. Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Targeted Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI) and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) were used to estimate the human health risk. Results showed that smoking and boiling increased significantly (P < 0.05) protein and ash levels. Lipid were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) with boiling and freezing compared to raw and smoked sample. Smoking increased significantly (P < 0.05) cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic contents compared to boiling and freezing. EDI values of cadmium in all species of fish smoked were not acceptable for human consumption. THQ values of mercury in raw, smoked, boiled and frozen were not acceptable for human consumption. HI suggested a non potential carcinogenic effect for all fish while CR for cadmium and arsenic suggested a carcinogenic health risk for Arius parkii (smoked and boiled). All treatment decreased significantly (P < 0.05) iodine value and increased acid, peroxide, anisidine values, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and total oxidation index compared to raw fish. Boiling was the best cooking method compared to smoking.
The protective effects of naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, non-complexed or complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin against multiorgan damage caused by neonatal endotoxemia
2024, International Journal of Biological MacromoleculesEndotoxemia is a severe and dangerous clinical syndrome that results in elevated morbidity, especially in intensive care units. Neonates are particularly susceptible to endotoxemia due to their immature immune systems. There are few effective treatments for neonatal endotoxemia. One group of compounds with potential in the treatment of neonatal inflammatory diseases such as endotoxemia is the flavonoids, mainly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Among these, naringenin (NGN) is a citrus flavonoid which has already been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-nociceptive and anti-cancer effects. Unfortunately, its clinical application is limited by its low solubility and bioavailability. However, cyclodextrins (CDs) have been widely used to improve the solubility of nonpolar drugs and enhance the bioavailability of these natural products.
We, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of NGN non-complexed and complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) on neonatal endotoxemia injuries in a rodent model and describe the probable molecular mechanisms involved in NGN activities.
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