Norepinephrine and vasoactive intestinal peptide induce IL-6 secretion by astrocytes: Synergism with IL-1β and TNFα
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Alpha and beta adrenoceptors activate interleukin-6 transcription through different pathways in cultured astrocytes from rat spinal cord
2021, CytokineCitation Excerpt :These results indicate that β-ARs activate IL-6 transcription via the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in spinal cord astrocytes. As in this study, the effects of β-ARs on IL-6 secretion or transcription are mediated via the cAMP/PKA pathway in cerebral astrocytes [9,14]. Moreover, the NA-activated transcription of IL-6 was inhibited by both the ERK inhibitor and the JNK inhibitor.
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2014, Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and ClinicalCitation Excerpt :IL-12 inhibition is critically involved in the differentiation of CD4+ Th-cells (Panina-Bordignon et al., 1997) (see section on Th-cells below). Catecholamines and β2-agonists also up-regulate IL-6 secretion by thymic epithelial-cells, brown adipocytes, astrocytes and microglia (Maimone et al., 1993; Norris and Benveniste, 1993; Burýsek and Houstek, 1997; von Patay et al., 1998). All of these effects are mediated via β2-AR activation of the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway (Elenkov et al., 1996; Suberville et al., 1996; van der Poll et al., 1996; Siegmund et al., 1998), except in brown adipocytes where cAMP-PKA signaling is activated via β3-ARs.
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