Mechanism Molecular mechanismThe control of homologous lysis
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2022, Journal of Heart and Lung TransplantationCitation Excerpt :Complement activation, physiologically triggered in circumstances where the innate immune system senses ‘foreign invasion’ or ‘self-injury,’ is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms to avoid over-activation and collateral damage to healthy host tissues.19 This is achieved by the expression of several ‘protective’ complement pathway regulatory proteins (CPRPs) on the vascular endothelial cells,20 for example, decay accelerating factor (CD55); membrane cofactor protein (CD46), and membrane-attack-complex-inhibitory protein (CD59). CPRPs are relatively species-specific,21 and pig CPRPs are less effective in controlling human complement-mediated injury than are human CPRPs.
Cd59a deficiency in mice leads to preferential innate immune activation in the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid with age
2015, Neurobiology of AgingCitation Excerpt :Why AMD, a slow disease that progresses over life time, is so strongly defined by polymorphisms in the innate immune system, a system that has been historically linked with a very fast and direct activation, and why those changes increase disease risk in the eye, remains currently unresolved but might be linked to the particular characteristics of the eye. CD59, also called membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis or protectin, is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane-bound protein (Kieffer et al., 1994) that protects host tissue by blocking the assembly of the membrane-attack complex through binding to C9, thus inhibiting its integration into the C5b-9 complex (Lachmann, 1991). In human, it is widely expressed on cells of all tissues (Meri et al., 1991).
Viral regulators of complement activation: Structure, function and evolution
2014, Molecular ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :Because vRCAs display both DAA (for CP and AP C3 convertases) and CFA (for C3b and C4b), it became apparent from the deletion and swapping studies that CCP modules 1–2 are critical for the DAA and CCP modules 2–3 are critical for the CFA. Similarly, ‘homologous restriction’ or functioning of hRCAs in a species-specific manner has been known for a long time (Lachmann, 1991; Zipfel and Skerka, 2009) but the molecular basis for this phenomenon was not identified. Characterization of species specificity determinants in SPICE and VCP revealed that a simple charge reversal in the central modules can result in switch of RCA specificity (Yadav et al., 2012).
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