Original articleMapping of immunodominant CD4+T lymphocyte epitopes of Hepatitis C virus antigens and their relevance during the course of chronic infection☆
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Cited by (148)
Immunopathogenesis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
2015, Gastroenterology Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :The detection of, albeit weak, peripheral HCV-specific CD4+ T-cell IFN-γ responses has been associated with a more benign clinical course.166,167 No consistent link between intrahepatic HCV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell IFN-γ frequencies and long-term clinical outcomes has been shown.166,168–171 However, circumstantial evidence for the importance of effector T cells in control of HCV-related liver disease can be found in the setting of generalized T-cell defects (eg, HIV/HCV coinfection, chronic steroid use, posttransplant immunosuppression) in which immune dysregulation leads to accelerated liver disease progression and high viral titers.172–174
Expression of apoptotic markers BCL-2 and bax in chronic hepatitis C virus patients
2010, Clinical BiochemistryCitation Excerpt :Gerlach et al. [27] found that in patients with acute HCV infection if the T-helper (CD4+) immune response was weak, less efficient or not maintained for a sufficient length of time, patients would proceed to persistent infection and chronic hepatitis. Also, Hoffman et al. [28] found that HCV-RNA positive individuals without clinical or histopathologic evidences of liver disease had a statistically significantly higher CD4+ proliferative response to the HCV core protein than patients with chronic hepatitis, suggesting a protective role of CD4+ cells against hepatocellular damage. In this regard, Nakamoto et al. [29] found that in chronic HCV infection, the susceptibility of isolated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte and CD14+ monocyte subsets to apoptosis, under the apoptotic stimulus of serum starvation, was elevated in patients with advanced chronic hepatitis compared with healthy control, and that the susceptibility of all peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets to apoptosis had been increased with the escalating severity of the liver disease.
Measurements of HCV neutralizing antibodies and of HCV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ cells using hepatitis C virus pseudo-particles (HCVpp)
2009, Journal of Clinical VirologyCitation Excerpt :This is the first report of using HCVpp carrying the HCV E1 and E2 envelope proteins for T-cell stimulation assays. CD4+ T-cell responses are directed mainly against non-structural proteins of HCV,20,21 whereas virus-specific CD8+ response seems to target up to 8–12 epitopes.3,22 Working with HCVpp carrying the HCV envelope simulates the use of whole virus particles in these assays and this is probably more efficient than using recombinant proteins.
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Supported by the Bundesministerium für Forschung and Technologie (01 KI 9357) and the Förderverein zur Bekämpfung der Viruskrankheiten e.V., Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany.