Tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression in the tissues of normal mice

doi:10.1016/1043-4666(92)90076-4

Cytokine

Volume 4, Issue 5, September 1992, Pages 340-346

https://doi.org/10.1016/1043-4666(92)90076-4 Get rights and content

Abstract

Although TNF-α is traditionally associated with macrophage activation during neoplasia and acute inflammation, recent Northern blot hybridization studies indicate that gene expression occurs in the absence of pathology. In order to identify the cellular sources of endogenous message and protein, normal mouse tissues were tested for TNF-α mRNA using in situ hybridization and for the corresponding protein by immunocytochemistry. Unexpectedly, specific TNF-α message was readily detected in hepatocytes, kidney tubule epithelial cells, various populations of spleen cells and neurons. TNF-α protein was present in the same liver and kidney cells as those that contained TNF-α mRNA, was low in spleen cells, and was absent in neurons. These results suggest that cells other than macrophages are the major sources of TNF-α gene products in normal tissues, indicate that regulation is accomplished by more than one mechanism, and are consistent with the postulate that products of this gene contribute to normal physiological processes.

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Original contributionTumor necrosis factor-α gene expression in the tissues of normal mice

Abstract

J Biol Chem

Brain Res

J Reprod Immunol

Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α: effects on proliferation of normal and transformed cells in vitro

Science

Purification of cachectin, a lipoprotein lipase-suppressing hormone secreted by endotoxin-induced RAW 264.7 cells

J Exp Med

Endotoxins and disease mechanisms

Ann Rev Med

The biology of cachectin/TNF — α primary mediator of the host response

Ann Rev Immunol

Endotoxin-induced cytokine gene expression in vivo

Am J Pathol

II. Regulation of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1α/β expression and suppression

Am J Pathol

Genes for IFN-beta-2 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor, and IL-1 are expressed at high levels in the organs of normal individuals

J Immunol

Presence of tumor necrosis factor or a related factor in human basophil/mast cells

Immunol

Tumor necrosis factor gene expression in human vascular intimal smooth muscle cells detected by in situ hybridization

Am J Pathol

Tumor necrosis factor mRNA localized to Paneth cells of normal murine intestinal epithelium by in situe hybridization

J Exp Med

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA and protein in rat uterine and placental cells

J Immunol

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and protein are present in human placental and uterine cells at early and late stages of gestation

Am J Pathol

Original contribution
Tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression in the tissues of normal mice