Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology

Volume 114, Issue 5, May 1998, Pages 1066-1090
Gastroenterology

Special Reports and Reviews
Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions: Molecular mechanisms and implications in gastrointestinal disease,☆☆

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70328-2Get rights and content

Abstract

Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion is now recognized to represent an early and rate-limiting step in the leukocyte infiltration and accompanying tissue injury that is associated with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Adhesive interactions such as leukocyte rolling, adherence, and transendothelial migration are influenced by a variety of physical, chemical, and molecular factors that ultimately result in a net up-regulation or down-regulation of the inflammatory response. Coordination of this process is made possible by the mediator-specific, time-sensitive expression of adhesion glycoproteins on the surface of leukocytes and/or vascular endothelial cells. In this review, the different families of relevant adhesion molecules that participate in the coordinated recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed tissue are described and then discussed in terms of the pathophysiological alterations observed in selected experimental models of gastrointestinal disease. These include ischemia/reperfusion injury, radiation enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and the inflammatory responses to substances liberated by Helicobacter pylori and Clostridium difficile.

GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;114:1066-1090

Section snippets

Molecular determinants of leukocyte adhesion

Circulating leukocytes are recruited to sites of inflammation and tissue injury by a highly coordinated and well-regulated process that largely occurs in one region of the microvasculature, i.e., postcapillary venules. Adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of endothelial cells (in postcapillary venules) and leukocytes serve to ensure an orderly sequence of cell-cell interactions that sustain leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium and the subsequent transendothelial migration into

Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in experimental models of gastrointestinal inflammation

Over the past decade, numerous studies have focused on the role of leukocytes in mediating the tissue injury that is associated with different models of acute and chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. There are now several models of gastrointestinal mucosal injury for which there is evidence that implicates a critical role for leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. In most of these models, evidence for the involvement of adherent leukocytes has been obtained using the technique of

Epilogue

Over the past decade, both leukocytes and endothelial cells have been implicated as active participants in the tissue injury associated with different experimental models of acute and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion seems to be an early and rate-limiting component of the microvascular dysfunction that accompanies these pathological conditions. The recognition that leukocyte adhesion is so critical for the inflammatory process has resulted in an

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    Address requests for reprints to: D. Neil Granger, Ph.D., Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, 1501 Kings Highway, P.O. Box 33932, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932. e-mail: [email protected]; fax: (318) 675-6005.

    ☆☆

    Supported by grant SAF97-0040 from Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (to J.P.) and by grants HL26441 and P01 DK43785 from the National Institutes of Health (to D.N.G.).

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