Research communicationModulation of macrophage cytokine production by conjugated linoleic acids is influenced by the dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio
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The delta 6 desaturase knock out mouse reveals that immunomodulatory effects of essential n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are both independent of and dependent upon conversion
2016, Journal of Nutritional BiochemistryCitation Excerpt :Finally, despite a lack of independent LA-centered investigations, many studies commonly use high LA diet formulations as the control diet for comparison purposes to discern the biological effects of n-3 PUFA [27,31,34,40–42], but fail to determine the independent effects of LA compared to other FA. Few studies have attempted to address this question and have shown LA to increase IL-6 bioactivity [31] or have no effect on inflammatory cytokine secretion levels [35,41,44]. LA is generally regarded as a pro-inflammatory n-6 PUFA, however, no human clinical evidence supports this dogmatic view [45] and protective effects of n-6 PUFA in inflammatory diseases have been reported (reviewed elsewhere [46]).
Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Human Health Effects on Weight Control
2014, Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal ObesityConjugated linoleic acid (CLA): Is it time to supplement asthma therapy?
2011, Pulmonary Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCitation Excerpt :A recent study of cis-9 trans 11 CLA supplementation in a mouse model of allergic sensitization reported improved n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in tissue lipids which was associated with reduced airway hyper-reactivity, however eicosanoid production was not specifically reported [81]. Numerous cell culture studies have demonstrated that CLA reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production (including IL-6 and TNFα and IL-1β) [92,93], with the effect being largely attributed to the cis-9, trans-11 rather than the trans-10, cis-12 isomer [44,92,94]. In an elegant co-culture model of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma, Jaudszus et al demonstrated reduction of both eosinophil-derived ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) and bronchial epithelial cell derived cytokines when cells were pre-treated with cis-9, trans-11 CLA [95].
Conjugated linoleic acids alleviate infectious bursal disease virus-induced immunosuppression in broiler chickens
2011, Poultry ScienceCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, CLA has been shown to have antiinflammatory activities. Conjugated linoleic acid decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α and IL-6 in both human and animal models (Turek et al., 1998). Bassaganya-Riera et al. (2006) reported that CLA had implications for the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Recent advances in the use of fatty acids as supplements in pig diets: A review
2010, Animal Feed Science and TechnologyConjugated linoleic acid (CLA): Good or bad trans fat?
2009, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis