Alimentary TractSonic hedgehog regulates gastric gland morphogenesis in man and mouse☆
Section snippets
Antibodies
The antibodies used are listed below.A goat polyclonal anti-Shh raised against and affinity-purified with Escherichia coli–derived recombinant mouse Shh N-terminal peptide (immunoblot, 1:1000), a mouse monoclonal anti–bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 (monoclonal antibody [mAb] 355; immunohistochemistry, 1:1000; immunoblot, 1:2000), and a mouse monoclonal anti-BMP4 (mAb 757; immunohistochemistry, 1:500; immunoblot, 1:2000) were obtained from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN).A goat polyclonal
Shh expression in the adult murine and human stomach
The continuing regeneration of the adult gastric glands is a process with 2 compartments and several gradients.We investigated whether the Shh signal protein, involved in many patterning processes during development, is expressed in this system.The small intestine, as a model of an intestinal linear differentiation process, was used for comparison.As shown in Figure 2, both Shh precursor protein (Figure 2A) and large amounts of the cleaved amino-terminal protein (Figure 2B) are present in the
Discussion
The mechanisms that maintain intricate patterns of differentiation in the adult organism have been given little consideration.We set out to investigate whether the signaling modules used during morphogenesis of the stomach remain active in morphostasis throughout life.Here it is shown that Shh may play a role in this process in the human and murine gastric epithelium.A first indication of active Shh signaling is the expression of Shh itself and Ptc, BMP2, BMP4, and HNF3β, 4 established
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr.W.Gaffield for the generous gift of the cyclopamine; Dr.R.Töftgard for donating the anti-Ptc antiserum; and J.Daalhuisen and A.Maas for expert technical assistance.
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Address requests for reprints to: Gijs R.van den Brink, M.D., Laboratory of Experimental Internal Medicine, Room G2-130, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.e-mail: [email protected]; fax: (31) 20-6977192.