Clinical-liver, pancreas, and biliary tractGlycemic Load, Glycemic Index, and Carbohydrate Intake in Relation to Risk of Cholecystectomy in Women
Section snippets
Study Population
The Nurses’ Health Study was initiated in 1976 when 121,700 female registered nurses, predominantly white, aged 30 to 55 years completed a mailed questionnaire on their medical history and lifestyle characteristics. Every 2 years, follow-up questionnaires were sent to update information on exposures and to identify newly diagnosed illnesses. In 1984, we collected detailed information on the carbohydrate-containing foods with an expanded 126-item, semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire
Results
At baseline in 1984, there was an approximately 1.5-fold difference in the mean energy-adjusted carbohydrate intake between the highest and lowest quintiles in this cohort (Table 1). Women with higher carbohydrate intake tended to consume less protein and saturated, trans, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats. Women who reported higher intake of carbohydrate tended to be leaner, more physically active, nonsmokers, and to consume less alcohol and coffee but more dietary fiber.
During 932,676
Discussion
In this 16-year prospective cohort study among women, we found that a higher intake of carbohydrate was positively associated with the risk of cholecystectomy. A significant positive association was also found for dietary glycemic load and glycemic index.
Studies regarding carbohydrate intake and risk of gallstone disease have been inconsistent. In a population study in Italy, a positive association was observed between a high carbohydrate intake and an increased incidence of gallstone.7 In 2
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High dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio and simple carbohydrates as a potential risk factors for gallstone disease: A cross-sectional study
2022, Clinics and Research in Hepatology and GastroenterologyCitation Excerpt :It is well established that those have a negative impact on metabolism, due to an acetyl-CoA overproduction which in turn promotes fatty acid biosynthesis [51, 52]. In this sense, Tsai C-J et al., in a cohort study with 5771 women from Boston, reported an increased risk for cholecystectomy in women who consumed carbohydrates with a high glycemic index (RR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.23, p< 0.001) [53]. Besides, a study performed in 93 Mexican women with GD, reported a higher consumption of sugar servings in comparison with controls (p = 0.02) [54].
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2021, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and ReviewsCitation Excerpt :In addition, the earlier studies have proposed that weight loss may obtain by replacing high energy beverages with plain water [35,36], which is related to a decrease in adiposity as a risk factor of T2DM. Other proposed mechanisms are disrupted cell metabolism which may cause to insulin resistance [37,38] and also the glycemic load of food may be reduced by water consumption with meal [39]. In our systematic review most of studies investigate the drink of water and risk of diabetes in both sex, these four studies did not separately report the results according to gender.
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Supported by research grants (CA55075 and DK46200) from the National Institutes of Health.