Intravenous iron has been found to be an important adjunctive therapy in the treatment of anemia for patients on dialysis. In the United States, iron dextran had been the only form available for parenteral use until 1999. This agent has been associated with a concerning number of severe adverse reactions, in some cases resulting in patients' deaths. Recently, a form of iron used for many years in Europe, sodium ferric gluconate complex in sucrose, was approved for intravenous use in the United STATES: Because this agent does not contain the immunogenic dextran component of iron dextran, it is expected that the safety profile of this drug should be superior to that of iron dextran. The purpose of this review is to critically appraise the relevant literature and to synthesize the information into a strategy for clinical use of this drug.