Abstract
CD103(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in the intestinal mucosa play a crucial role in tolerance to commensal bacteria and food antigens. These cells originate in the lamina propria (LP) and migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), where they drive the differentiation of gut-homing FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells by producing retinoic acid from dietary vitamin A. Local 'conditioning' factors in the LP might also contribute to this tolerogenic profile of CD103(+) DCs. Considerably less is understood about the generation of active immunity or inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. This might require alterations in pre-existing CD103(+) DCs, arrival of new DCs, or the action of a distinct DC population. Here, we discuss our current knowledge of this as yet incompletely understood population.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antigens, CD / immunology
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Bacteria / growth & development
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Bacteria / immunology
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Cell Differentiation / immunology
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Cytokines / biosynthesis
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Cytokines / immunology
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Dendritic Cells* / cytology
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Dendritic Cells* / immunology
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Forkhead Transcription Factors / immunology
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Humans
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Immune Tolerance / physiology*
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Immunity*
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Integrin alpha Chains / immunology
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Intestinal Mucosa / cytology
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Intestinal Mucosa / immunology*
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Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism
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Intestines / cytology
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Intestines / immunology
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Lymph Nodes / cytology
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Lymph Nodes / immunology
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Mice
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Polysaccharides / immunology
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Signal Transduction / immunology*
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Symbiosis / immunology
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / cytology
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T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology*
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Tretinoin / immunology*
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Tretinoin / metabolism
Substances
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Antigens, CD
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Cytokines
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Forkhead Transcription Factors
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Foxp3 protein, mouse
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Integrin alpha Chains
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Polysaccharides
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alpha E integrins
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Tretinoin