Objective: The cause of hereditary pancreatitis (HP) remains unknown. This study evaluated the hypothesis that patients with HP have genetically determined low concentrations of antioxidants that may predispose them to repetitive pancreatic injury.
Methods: This cross-sectional analysis compared antioxidant levels in four groups of patients. Group 1 included 14 related people with chronic pancreatitis. Group 2 (11 individuals) belonged to the same kindred but did not have pancreatitis. Group 3 was a group of 65 unrelated control subjects, and Group 4 consisted of seven unrelated children with chronic pancreatitis from other causes. The antioxidant levels analyzed included glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase, selenium, and vitamin E. Amylase levels were measured in all patients in groups 1, 2, and 4.
Results: People with chronic pancreatitis or relatives of people with hereditary pancreatitis (groups 1, 2, and 4) had significantly lower mean glutathione peroxidase values than controls (group 3, p < 0.001). Group 1 also had significantly lower selenium levels than groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001) but greater levels than group 4 (p = 0.029). Vitamin E levels were lower in group 1 than in groups 2 and 4. The superoxide dismutase levels were significantly different between each group (p < 0.001), and group 1 had the highest level. The glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase, and amylase levels did not differ significantly between groups. However, group 1 had a significantly higher glutathione transferase level than group 4.
Conclusion: We identified antioxidant deficiencies in a group of patients with hereditary pancreatitis. Higher selenium and vitamin E levels may have prevented their relatives in group 2 from having pancreatitis secondary to oxidant injury, despite low glutathione peroxidase levels. Supplementation with selenium or vitamin E or both may be a beneficial therapeutic option in these patients to decrease the frequency of pancreatitis.