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Review
Neuromyogenic properties of the internal anal sphincter: therapeutic rationale for anal fissures

https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.46.6.861

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    Footnotes

    • Abbreviations used in this paper:
      IAS
      internal anal sphincter
      EAS
      external anal sphincter
      NANC
      non-adrenergic non-cholinergic
      RAIR
      rectoanal inhibitory reflex
      5-HT
      5-hydroxytryptamine
      ATP
      adenosine triphosphate
      VIP
      vasoactive intestinal peptide
      NO
      nitric oxide
      NADPH
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
      Ca2+
      calcium ion
      HIV
      human immunodeficiency virus
      GTN
      glyceryl trinitrate
      BoNT/A
      botulinum neurotoxin type A
      DMPP
      dimethylphenylpiperazinium
      ISDN
      isosorbide dinitrate